After World War I The Chinese snarl betrayed. Anger and frustration erupted in demonstrations on May 4, 1919, in Beijing. Joined by workers and merchants, the movement spread to major cities. The Chinese representative at Versailles refused to endorse the peace treaty, but its nutriment remained unchanged. Disillusioned with the West, many Chinese looked elsewhere for help. The May 4th Movement, which grew out of the student uprising, attacked Confucianism, initiated a vernacular style of writing, and promoted science. Scholars of global stature, such as John Dewey and Bertrand Russell, were invited to lecture. Numerous magazines were published to sustain new thoughts. Toward the end of the movements existence, a split occurred among its leaders. Some, same(p) Chen Tu-hsiu and Li Ta-chao, were beginning to be influenced by the success of the Russian Revolution of 1917, which contrasted sharply with the failure of the 1911 Revolution in mainland China to change the social order and improve conditions. By 1920, masses associated with the Comintern (commie International) were disseminating literature in China and helping to start Communist groups, including one led by Mao Zedong. A showdown at Shanghai in 1921 was actually the first governmental party congress of the Communist Party of China (CCP).
The CCP was so subtile that the Soviet Union looked elsewhere for a viable political ally. A Comintern agent, Adolph Joffe, was sent to China to approach Sun Yat-sen, who had failed to scram assistance from Great Britain or the United States. The period of Sino-Soviet quislingism began with the Sun-Joffe Declaration of Jan. 26, 1923. The KMT was recognized by the Soviet Union, and the Communists were admitted as members. With Soviet aid, the KMT army was built up. A young officer, Chiang Kai-shek, was sent to capital of the Russian Federation for training. Upon returning, he was put in charge of the Whampoa Military Academy, formal to train soldiers to fight the warlords, who controlled much of...
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