History

Influenced by the French Revolution, Industrial Revolution, and the Enlightenment Period, the 19th carbon became a century of major economic, policy-making, and social change. These historic movements not only changed the semi governmental and economic face of europium, but also created conflict amid traditional classes, namely the monarchy, aristocracy and the church with the new emerging classes of the industrial and commercial middle-class, and industrial working class.
The quest for a new economic and political order influenced by a new breed of thinkers resulted in Europe experiencing one of the around intellectual fertile periods of West (Kishlansky, Geary, O’Brian, 2005). The combination of these factors resulted in the development of new political ideologies that focused on political and economic changes. Amongst an array of new political and social theories was conservatism and Liberalism.
Conservatism as a political philosophy is outlined by the British statesman Edmund Burke (1729-1797) as “a disposition to preserve, and an ability to improve (Burke, From Reflections on the Revolution in France). Overall, conservatism can be characterized as a political ideology that favored the traditions of the past, the state church, the monarchy, and the aristocracy.



Even though conservatives do not reject change, they oppose revolutionary or quick change and advocated an organic change. However, through history, conservatism has used the federal agency of government and armies to repress liberal, political, and social reforms.
Conservatism had famous and smooth advocates such as the Austrian foreign minister Klemens von Metternich (1773-1859) and tzar Alexander I (1777-1825) who tried to restore stability to the traditional European monarchy and old political system.
Although Liberalism varied throughout Europe in consensus with the economic disturbances facing each country, there was a multitude of similarities among the various liberal theories during the first...



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