by Dr. A. Naeem, Dr. Qaisar Ali, Muhammad Javed, Zakir Hussain, Amjad Naseer, Syed Muhammad Ali, Irshad Ahmed, and Muhammad Ashraf Earthquake technology Center at the Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
General Information
An earthquake of Magnitude Mw = 7.6 occurred on October 8, 2005 at 08:50 am local time causing damage and casualties over an area of 30,000 km2 in the N-W.F.P. province of Pakistan and parts of Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The of import government issue was followed by more than 978 aftershocks of Magnitude Mw = 4.0 and above, as of October 27, 2005. The epicenter of the main earthquake was located at a latitude of 34° 29? 35? N and longitude of 73° 37? 44? E. The focal depth of the main earthquake was determined to be 26 km (USGS). This was the deadliest earthquake in the recent record of the sub-continent resulting in more than eighty thousand casualties, two degree centigrade thousand injured, and more than 4 million people who assume been left homeless. The adverse effects of this earthquake are estimated to be larger than those of the tsunami of December 2004.
The major cities and towns affected are Muzaffarabad, Bagh and Rawlakot in Kashmir and Balakot, Shinkiari, Batagram, Mansehra Abbotabad, Murree and Islamabad in Pakistan (Figure 1). Figure 2 shows a cosmopolitan view of the destruction caused by earthquake in Muzaffarabad. around all the buildings, mainly stone and choke up masonry laid in cement sand mortar with RC slabs or GI sail roofing, collapsed in the areas close to the epicenter. In regions approximately 25 kms away from the epicenter nearly 25% of the buildings collapsed and 50% of the buildings were severely damaged. The structures in the affected region are primarily unreinforced stone, concrete block and brick masonry, and reinforced concrete frames with concrete block or brick masonry infill panels.
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