Nuclear Reactor

A nuclear reactor is a device in which the nuclear fission
reaction takes place in a self sustained and controlled manner. The
first nuclear reactor was built in 1942 at Chicago USA.
Depending on the exercise for which the reactors are utilize, they
whitethorn be calssified into research reactors, production reactors and power
reactors. Research reactors are used primarily to supply neutrons for
research purpose and for production of radio-isotopes. The purpose of
production reactors is to convert fertile (non-fissionable but abundant)
material into fissile material. The power reactor converts nuclear fission energy into galvanic power. The power reactors can be further
classified into boiling irrigate reactor, pressurised pissing reactor,
pressurised heavy water reactor and fast stock breeder reactor depending
upon the choice of the moderator and the coolant used.
Numerous reactors of different designs have been constructed all
over the world for a variety of purposes, but there exists a number of
general features common to all the reactors. The schematic plot of
a nuclear reactor is shown.
(i) Fissile material or discharge
The fissile material or nuclear fuel by and large used is 92U235. But
this exists only in a small bill (0.7%) in natural uranium.



Natural
uranium is enriched with more number of 92U235 (2 4%) and this low
enriched uranium is used as fuel in nigh reactors. Other than U235,
the fissile isotopes U233 and Pu239 are also used as fuel in some of the
reactors.
In the pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWR) built in our
country, natural uranium oxide is used as fuel. Tiny pellets of uranium
oxide are packed in thin tubes of atomic number 40 alloy and sealed to form a
fuel rod. Nineteen much(prenominal) rods are tied together to form a fuel bundle. The
reactor vessel which goes by the name Calandria has about three
coulomb tubes passing through it. The fuel bundles are placed in these tubes. The part of the reactor vessel which contains the fuel rods is
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