THE NOTION OF PHONOLOGICAL RULES

In stating phonological rules, it is undeni sufficient to refer to classes of phonemes. Consider part of the rule for the formation of the plural in side of meat: there is an extra vowel in the suffix if the word ends in the same sound as occurs at the end of horse, maze, fish, rouge, church, or judge. The plural forms of words of this configuration be one syllable longer than the singular forms. The phonological rules of side could simply list the phonemes that be buzz off in the same stylus in the rules for plural formation; the rules for the possessive forms of nouns and for the third someone singular of the present tense of verbs are similar in this respect. The rules are more explanatory, however, if they show that these phonemes behave in a similar way because they form a natural class, or develop, whose members are defined by a common property. In the case of these plural forms, the phonemes are all, and only, those that have a high-frequency spirant component; they may be called sibilant, or strident, phonemes.

Phonemes catalogued in the lexicon may be also classified in terms of features. To be descriptively adequate from a linguistic point of view, the intend of features must be able to provide a variant representation for each of the words that is phonologically distinct; and if the feature is to have an explanatory power it must also be able to classify phonemes into appropriate natural classes as required by the phonological rules.

As a result of studying the phonemic contras

Other rules may hyperkinetic syndrome, quite than delete, segments. An addition rule accounts for the way in which some English accents add vowels between certain consonants segments, as in the orthoepy of film.

Crystal, D. (1987). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Bouton, C. (1976). Le dTdeveloppement du langage: Aspects normaux et pathologiques. Paris: Masson/Les Presses de l'UNESCO.

Chomsky and Halle (1991) postulate a set of lexical matrices and a system of phonological rules which jointly increase value.

They believe that phonological representation in terms of lexical matrices is abstract in the sense that the phonological representation is non necessarily a submatrix of the phonetic representation (p. 297). They do not, in other words, impose the conditions of linearity and invariance on the comparison between phonological and phonetic representation. "The indirectness of this relation must be purchased at the cost of adding rules to the grammar. Given a definition of 'value', we shadow therefore say that the facts of pronunciation induce the representation of items in the lexicon" (Chomsky & Halle, 1991, p. 297).

Phonological rules, then, are general statements about the relationships between sounds, or classes of sound. They summarize what happens when sounds occur in particular grammatical or phonetic contexts. The validity of a rule can be tested by comparing one example with others, to perk whether there are exceptions. Phonological rules are expressed in a special notation to make the description as clear and succinct as possible and (according to some analysts) to depict the essential theoretical properties of sound systems. Generative phonology uses a distinctive feature notation system, in order to deal out with all the types of phonetic relationship that have been observed. There are many kinds of phonological rules. Some change the distinctive features of segments; others add or delete segments; others
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